Cell and Molecular Biology: origin of life, cell metabolism (including photosynthesis/enzymology), cellular processes, thermodynamics, organelle structure and function, mitosis/meiosis, cell structure, experimental cell biology, biomolecules, and integrated relationships

Diversity of Life: Biological Organization and Relationship of Major Taxa (Six-Kingdom, Three-Domain System) – plantae, animalia, protista, fungi, eubacteria (bacteria), archaea, and integrated relationships

Structure and Function of Systems: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, circulatory, immunological, digestive, respiratory, urinary, nervous/senses, endocrine, reproductive, and integrated relationships

Developmental Biology: fertilization, descriptive embryology, developmental mechanisms, and integrated relationships

Genetics: molecular genetics, human genetics, classical genetics, chromosomal genetics, and genetic technology, and integrated relationships

Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior: natural selection, population genetics/speciation, population and community ecology, ecosystems, and animal behavior (including social behavior), and integrated relationships

Stoichiometry and General Concepts: percent composition, empirical formulae, balancing equations, moles and molecular formulas, molar mass, density, and calculations from balanced equations

Gases: kinetic molecular theory of gases, Dalton’s, Boyle’s, Charles’s, and ideal gas law

Liquids and Solids: intermolecular forces, phase changes, vapor pressure, structures, polarity, and properties

Solutions: polarity, properties (colligative, non-colligative), forces, and concentration calculations

Acids and Bases: pH, strength, Brønsted-Lowry reactions, and calculations

Chemical Equilibria: molecular, acid/base, precipitation, calculations, and Le Chatelier’s principle

Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry: laws of thermodynamics, Hess’s law, spontaneity, enthalpies and entropies, and heat transfer

Chemical Kinetics: rate laws, activation energy, and half-life

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: balancing equations, determination of oxidation numbers, electrochemical calculations, and electrochemical concepts and terminology

Atomic and Molecular Structure: electron con guration, orbital types, Lewis-Dot diagrams, atomic theory, quantum theory, molecular geometry, bond types, and sub-atomic particles

Periodic Properties: representative elements, transition elements, periodic trends, and descriptive chemistry

Nuclear Reactions: balancing equations, binding energy, decay processes, particles, and terminology

Laboratory: basic techniques, equipment, error analysis, safety, and data analysis Organic Chemistry (30 items)

Mechanisms: Energetics and Structure - elimination, addition, free radical, substitution mechanisms, and other mechanisms and reactions

Chemical and Physical Properties of Molecules: Spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR, infrared, and multi-spectra), structure (polarity, intermolecular forces (solubility, melting/ boiling point, etc.), and laboratory theory and techniques (TLC, separations, etc.)

Stereochemistry (structure evaluation): Chirality, isomer relationships, and conformations

Nomenclature: IUPAC rules and functional groups in molecules

Individual Reactions of the Major Functional Groups and Combinations of Reactions to Synthesize Compounds: Alkene/alkyne, aromatic, substitution/elimination, aldehyde/ketone, carboxylic acids and derivatives, and other. For each area listed above, the following sub-areas apply: general, one-step, and multi-step

Acid Base Chemistry: Ranking acidity/basicity (structure analysis and pH/pKa data analysis), and prediction of products and equilibria

Aromatics and Bonding: Concept of aromaticity, resonance, atomic/molecular orbitals, hybridization, and bond angles/lengths