Nested teams within GitHub do not automatically inherit a parent team's context permissions.
If a parent team is selected as a security group for a context, child teams are not automatically granted access.
If a child team is not listed as a security group you will get an "Unauthorized" error when triggering a build in CircleCI's UI.
Please see the screenshot below for an example:
In order to grant a GitHub child team access to context, you will need to add the team as a security group for the context.
For more information on contexts please refer to our official documentation.