If you’ve ever been confused by the different titles in nonprofit leadership—trustees, board members, chairs, officers—you’re not alone! While these terms are often used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings and responsibilities depending on the organization’s structure and governance.
Board of Directors vs. Board of Trustees
Most nonprofits are governed by a Board of Directors or a Board of Trustees. While the roles are similar, the terminology varies based on state law, organization type, and tradition.
Board of Directors – The most common governing body for 501(c)(3) nonprofits, responsible for overseeing the mission, strategy, and financial health of the organization.
Board of Trustees – More commonly used in foundations, universities, and religious organizations. “Trustees” often emphasize fiduciary responsibility—managing funds, property, and long-term assets.
Chair, President, and Officers: Who’s in Charge?
Within the board, specific leadership roles keep things organized and ensure accountability:
Board Chair (or Chairperson) – The lead of the board, facilitating meetings, guiding strategy, and serving as the primary point of contact between the board and the executive leadership.
Vice Chair – Supports the chair and may step in when needed.
Board President – Some organizations use "president" instead of chair, but in others, the president is a separate officer responsible for operations.
Secretary – Keeps official records and ensures compliance with legal requirements, such as meeting minutes and bylaws.
Treasurer – Manages financial oversight, including budgets, audits, and financial reporting.
Trustees vs. Directors vs. Members
Trustees – Used in organizations that focus on asset management, like foundations or educational institutions.
Directors – Standard term for individuals who govern a nonprofit.
Members – Some nonprofits have a membership structure, where members vote to elect board members and approve major decisions.
Final Thoughts
While these titles may vary, every nonprofit needs strong governance to fulfill its mission. Whether you’re forming a new nonprofit or refining your leadership structure, understanding these roles helps ensure clarity, accountability, and effectiveness.
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