Photo kindly provided by UKHAB ©.

The following is a short summary of the habitat type and how to create/enhance it to a "good" condition. For an informed position, please refer to official up-to-date UKHAB documentation or the UK Government's Condition Assessment Sheet.

This is a grassland that meets at least two of these three criteria:

1. >15 species per m² (including grasses and excluding bryophytes);

2. >30% cover of broadleaved herbs and sedges (excluding White Clover Trifolium repens, Creeping Buttercup Ranunculus repens and injurious weeds);

3. <10% cover of rye grasses and White Clover Trifolium repens.

AND ≥2 of indicator species are classed as ‘frequent’ on the DAFOR scale.

AND ≥3 of these indicators are classed as ‘occasional’ on the DAFOR scale.

Key Species ("indicator species")

Agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria)

Betony (Betonica officinalis)

Bird’s-foot-trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)

Burnet saxifrage (Pimpinella saxifraga)

Carline thistle (Carlina vulgaris)

Clustered bellflower (Campanula glomerata)

Common rock-rose (Helianthemum nummularium)

Common knapweed (Centaurea nigra)

Cowslip (Primula veris)

Dropwort (Filipendula vulgaris)

Devil’s-bit scabious (Succisa pratensis)

Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis)

Fairy flax (Linum catharticum)

Field scabious (Knautia arvensis)

Spring gentian (Gentiana verna)

Autumn gentian (Gentianella amarella)

Chlitern gentian (Gentianella germanica)

Greater knapweed (Centaurea scabiosa)

Hairy violet (Viola hirta)

Harebell (Campanula rotundifolia)

Hoary plantain (Plantago media)

Hoary rock-rose (Helianthemum oelandicum)

Horseshoe vetch (Hippocrepis comosa)

Kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria)

Lady’s bedstraw (Galium verum)

Wild marjoram (Origanum vulgare)

Common milkwort (Polygala vulgaris

Chalk milkwort (Polygala calcarea)

Dwarf milkwort (Polygala amarella)

Mouse-ear hawkweed (Pilosella officinarum)

Orchids (Various)

Ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)

Purple milk-vetch (Astragalus danicus)

Common restharrow (Ononis repens)

Rough hawkbit (Leontodon hispidus)

Lesser hawkbit (Leontodon saxatilis)

Salad burnet (Poterium sanguisorba subsp. minor)

Saw-wort (Serratula tinctoria)

Small scabious (Scabiosa columbaria)

Squinancywort (Asperula cynanchica)

Dwarf thistle (Cirsium acaule)

Thyme-leaved sandwort (Arenaria serpyllifolia)

Wild basil (Clinopodium vulgare)

Wild thyme (Thymus drucei)

Yellow-wort (Blackstonia perfoliata)

How to Create / Enhance to a "Good" condition

There are a set of criteria that are used to judge the condition of this habitat. These are listed below.

Condition Assessment Criteria	Criterion passed (Yes or No)
A	The parcel represents a good example of its habitat type, with a consistently high proportion of characteristic indicator species present relevant to the specific habitat type (and relative to Footnote 3 suboptimal species which may be listed in the UKHab description).1 Note - this criterion is essential for achieving Moderate or Good condition for non-acid grassland types only.
B	Sward height is varied (at least 20% of the sward is less than 7 cm and at least 20% is more than 7 cm) creating microclimates which provide opportunities for insects, birds and small mammals to live and breed.
C	Cover of bare ground is between 1% and 5%, including localised areas, for example, rabbit warrens2.
D	Cover of bracken Pteridium aquilinum is less than 20% and cover of scrub (including bramble Rubus fruticosus agg.) is less than 5%.
E	Combined cover of species indicative of suboptimal condition3 and physical damage (such as excessive poaching, damage from machinery use or storage, damaging levels of access, or any other damaging management activities) accounts for less than 5% of total area. If any invasive non-native plant species4 (as listed on Schedule 9 of WCA5) are present, this criterion is automatically failed.
Additional Criterion - must be assessed for all non-acid grassland types
F	There are 10 or more vascular plant species per m2 present, including forbs that are characteristic of the habitat type (species referenced in Footnote 3 and 5 cannot contribute towards this count). Note - this criterion is essential for achieving Good condition for non-acid grassland types only.

Condition Assessment Result	Condition Assessment Score
Acid grassland types (Result out of 5 criteria)
Passes 5 criteria	Good (3)
Passes 3 or 4 criteria	Moderate (2)
Passes 2 or fewer criteria	Poor (1)
Non-acid grassland types (Result out of 6 criteria)
Passes 5 or 6 criteria, including essential criterion A and additional criterion F.	Good (3)
Passes 3 - 5 criteria, including essential criterion A.	Moderate (2)
Passes 2 or fewer criteria; OR Passes 3 or 4 criteria excluding criterion A and F.	Poor (1)

Notes

Footnote 1 - Professional judgement should be used alongside the UKHab description.

Footnote 2 – For example, this could include small, scattered areas of bare ground allowing for plant colonisation, or localised patches not exceeding 5% cover.

Footnote 3 - Species indicative of suboptimal condition for this habitat type include:creeping thistle Cirsium arvense, spear thistle Cirsium vulgare, curled dock Rumex crispus, broad-leaved dock Rumex obtusifolius, common nettle Urtica dioica, creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens, greater plantain Plantago major, white clover Trifolium repens and cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris. There may be additional relevant species local to the region and or site.

Footnote 4 – Assess this for each distinct habitat parcel. If the distribution of invasive non-native species varies across the habitat, split into parcels accordingly, applying a buffer zone around the invasive non-native species with a size relative to its risk of spread into adjacent habitat, by applying professional judgement.

Footnote 5 – Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended).