A query can contain one or more words. If you enter more than one word without further editing, you will find messages that contain all of these words.

For example, when entering this query: European Union subsidies, you will find all articles containing these words (European as well as Union as well as subsidy), regardless of the order in which they appear. If we do not put the phrase in quotation marks, the mentioned query behaves as when using the AND operator (European AND Union AND subsidies).

The smaller the distance of the words in the articles and the more often the search words appear in the articles compared to their length, the more relevant they are considered. For best results, the articles you search for are always sorted automatically by relevance. In the archive service, you have the option to choose individual sorting.

If you want to search for a certain phrase, enclose it with quotation marks (e.g. "green meadow"). This way, we will find only such articles which contain the words green meadow directly next to each other and in this particular order. As explained above, without the quotation marks, our system would search for any mention of green as well as for any mention of meadow.

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Here are some special words (Boolean operators) you can use for more advanced queries.

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Important Note: Logical operators must be entered in capital letters (AND, OR, NOT), otherwise they will be considered words you want to search for.

→ AND

If you enter two words or phrases and include the AND operator between them, the system will look up all articles where these words (phrases) appear in any order.

Example:

bank AND deposit - finds articles containing the word bank and at the same time the word deposit anywhere in the message text.

You can also use the + operator instead of the AND operator.

Example:

bank + deposit

It is also possible to enter reserved characters && instead of the AND operator.

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→ OR

If you insert the OR operator between the search words or phrases, the system will look up articles containing at least one of these words (phrases).

Instead of the OR operator, it is also possible to enter reserved characters ||.

Example:

bank OR deposit - finds articles containing the word bank or the word deposit anywhere in the text. The condition that all words are searched for at the same time does not apply here, one of them is enough to look up your articles.

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→ NEAR (~)

The ~ (wavy line) operator is used to specify the distance condition of individual words.

Example:

To search for the word Prague at a maximum of 5 words from the word Brno, enter the following query: "Prague Brno"~5

The wavy line can also be used to search for words in which typos can be expected.

Example: zapomněl~

The system will look up both: zapomněl as well as zapoměl.

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→ NOT

Specifies that the message should not contain the word or phrase that follows this operator.

Note: The AND NOT operator is no longer in use, it was replaced with NOT operator.

Example:

bank NOT deposit - finds articles containing the word bank, but not containing the word deposit.

You can also use the operator - (minus):

Example:

bank - deposit

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→ Use multiple operators simultaneously

Operators can be combined and nested using brackets ().

Note: Expressions enclosed in quotation marks are now automatically inflected.

Example:

(national OR commercial) AND bank - finds articles containing the word national or commercial and at the same time the word bank.

When using multiple operators AND and OR, keep in mind that AND has a higher priority than OR. NOT operator has the highest priority of all.

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Wildcards can be used with an asterisk (*), which replaces a group of characters, or a question mark (?), Which replaces just one character.

Example:

Bara* Obam? – finds both Barack Obama or Baracka Obamu (the second option is Barack Obama’s name inflected in Czech)

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Reserved characters are: + - && || () "~ *?

If you need to search for reserved characters in texts, enclose them in quotation marks.

Example:

"+" - finds +