Figure 1: Pitless unit vs. pitless adapter
A pitless adapter is a device used to provide a frost-free connection between the distribution line and the drop pipe of a submersible pump in a small diameter well. It is a more economical, sanitary, and safer alternative to using a well pit. It also has a quick-disconnect mechanism that allows for easy access to the well for servicing and shock chlorination.
The difference between a pitless unit and a pitless adapter is that a pitless unit completely replaces the well casing between the frost line and the ground surface, while a pitless adapter is a smaller fitting that can be inserted through a hole in the well casing.
Both are designed to prevent well pollution by rodents and are more convenient for well and pump servicing compared to a well pit. They provide a secure and sealed connection between the discharge pipe and the drop pipe, ensuring efficient water flow from the well.
Figure 2: Pitless unit/Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Water Bureau
How does a pitless adapter work?
Many years ago, to prevent freezing pipes in the winter, wells were completed below land surface at a depth below the frost line. This allowed well owners to run their water line from the well into their basement without fear of freezing pipes. The pitless adapter is installed below the frost line, safeguarding it from freezing temperatures. It connects the submersible pump’s drop pipe to the distribution line, allowing water to travel seamlessly.
The adapter features a watertight seal, preventing groundwater from infiltrating the well through the connection point. This seal ensures that your well remains uncontaminated and safe for consumption.
Why do I need to upgrade from a well pit to a pitless unit or adapter?
Upgrading from a well pit to a pitless unit or adapter is recommended because :
Well pits are unsanitary and can create a contamination hazard to the water well system. They invite drainage into the well, which can lead to water contamination. On the other hand, pitless units and adapters provide a sanitary connection by preventing the entrance of contaminants from surface sources.
Well pits can be dangerous and pose a risk to individuals, especially children. Toxic gases can build up inside a well pit, making it unsafe to enter and work. By using a pitless unit or adapter, you eliminate the need for a well pit and reduce the risk of accidents or injuries.
Well pits are not convenient for well and pump servicing. They can make it difficult to access the well and perform maintenance or repairs. Pitless units and adapters, on the other hand, provide easy access to the well for servicing and allow for quick and easy removal of the submersible pump.
Overall, upgrading to a pitless unit or adapter is a safer, more sanitary, and more convenient option for your well system.
Who can install pitless units and adapters?
Well drillers, plumbers, and even experienced farmers are equipped to install pitless units and adapters. Consult with a professional to ensure proper installation and compliance with local regulations.
Additional Resources:
Gaber, Michael S. Michigan Flowing Well Handbook, March 2005, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality.
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