Yes, you can live in Puerto Rico (or other US territories) for over 180 days per year and still be domiciled in Florida. Domicile is based on both subjective intent and objective connections like a Florida driver’s license, vehicle registration, property ownership/lease, and tax filings. Where applicable, voter registration is only a supporting indicator and not determinative; direct eligibility questions to Florida election officials.
As long as you maintain strong ties to Florida and intend it to be your permanent residence, you can be domiciled in Florida despite extended stays in Puerto Rico.