1) If you are registered to vote and/or have a driver's license, you may be called for jury duty.
2) The duration can vary by county. It is generally one day, but could be longer (if selected, it's the duration of the trial).
3) For deferrals, you may be able to secure an excusal as a SavvyNomad user if you are traveling or out of the country. However, it is not always guaranteed and is up to the discretion of the judge.
4) Penalties can range from a small fine to community service, to having to reschedule and attend future jury duty sessions.
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Specific information about requesting a deferral/excusal can be found here.