List of PES Statements

Wound healing

Fever

Cancer

COPD

Cerebral Palsy

Cystic Fibrosis

Physical Activity
​

Catabolism energy increases

Poor Intake

Chewing or swallowing issues

Taste changes

Limited access to food

Knowledge deficit
​

Limited access to healthy food

Binging or disordered eating

Knowledge deficit

Lack of value to change

Appetite stimulants

Decreased metabolism or needs

Poor intake

Catabolism energy increases

Chewing or swallowing issues

Taste changes

Limited access to food

Knowledge deficit

Depression or disordered eating
​

Binging or disordered eating

Limited access to healthy food

Knowledge deficit

Poor satiety cues

Appetite stimulants

Unwilling to reduce intake

Lack of value to change
​

GI pain or discomfort

Neurological disorders

Food aversions

Self-limitations

Behavioral issues

Unsupported beliefs or attitudes
​

Altered nutrient absorption

Inappropriate formula

Formula or rate intolerance

Inadequate rate

Infusion schedule interrupted

NPO

Decreased energy needs

Excessive rate

Pump Malfunction

Rate setting error

Overfeeding
​

Excessive GI losses

Needs different than estimate

Excessive GI losses

End of life
​

Inadequate or excessive rate

Infusion schedule interrupted

End of life

Altered nutrient Absorption

Pump malfunction

Inadequate rate

Awaiting PN Access

Infusion schedule interrupted

PN intolerance
​

Decreased energy needs

Excessive rate

Pump malfunction

Rate setting error

Overfeeding
​

Needs different than estimate

End of life
​

Inadequate or excessive rate

Infusion schedule interrupted

End of life

Chewing or swallowing issues

Need for thicken fluids

Excess fluid losses

Increased exercise

Decreased thirst cues

Limited access to fluid

Knowledge deficit

Impaired cognition
​

End-Stage renal disease

Nephrotic Syndrome

Heart failure

SIADH

Increased thirst cues

Knowledge deficit

Knowledge deficit

Altered GI function

Limited access to bioactive foods

Knowledge deficit

Altered GI function

Misuse of a substance

Alcohol or caffeine addiction

Lack of value for change
​

Altered absorption or metabolism

Pancreas or liver issues

Short bowel syndrome

Celiac disease

Crohn’s disease

Wound healing

Infection
​

Liver disease

Renal disease

Altered cholesterol regulation

IBD flare-up

Heart failure

IBS food intolerance

Desired weight loss
​

High dose supplements

Knowledge deficit

Food faddism

Catabolism energy increases

Wound healing

Malabsorption

Limited access to food

Knowledge deficit

Catabolism energy increases

Fat malabsorption

Altered GI function

Less than optimal food choices

Knowledge deficit
​

Limited access to healthy foods

Knowledge deficit

Lack of value for change

Disordered eating

Intake of high-fat foods
​

Knowledge deficit

Limited access to healthy foods

Lack of value for change

Physiological altered fat needs
​

Catabolism energy increases

Malabsorption

Need dependent on age

Wound healing

Burn healing

Self-feeding barriers

Knowledge deficit

Disordered eating

Liver disease

Renal disease

Knowledge deficit

Metabolic abnormalities

Food faddism

Liver disease

Renal disease

Knowledge deficit

Misused specialized products

Food faddism

PKU

Celiac disease

Limited protein access

Lack of willingness to modify protein or amino acid intake
​

Increased activity level

Malabsorption

Limited access to food

Self-feeding barriers

Knowledge deficit
​

Diabetes

Lactose deficiency

Knowledge deficit

Lack of willingness to modify carbohydrate intake

Disordered eating

Meds causing hyperglycemia
​

Altered carb needs d/t disease

Knowledge deficit

Disordered eating

Lack of willingness to modify carb intake

Need for carb timing

Knowledge deficit

Disordered eating

Lack of willingness to modify carb timing

Limited access to fibrous foods

Knowledge deficit

Prolonged low fiber diet

Non optimal food prep practices

Lack of willingness to consume fibrous foods

IBD

Short bowel syndrome

Obsession with bowel frequency

Knowledge deficit

Need for low fiber diet

IBS

Short bowel syndrome

Bowel obstruction
​

Increased needs d/t disease

Malabsorption

Med-related alterations

Limited access to food

Geography or season

Knowledge deficit

Depression or disordered eating

Decreased needs d/t disease

Foods or supplements in excess

Knowledge deficit

Accidental overdose

Depression or disordered eating

Inflammation

Surgery

Tumors

Prior ventilation

Cerebral palsy

Multiple sclerosis

Stroke
​

Oral or facial dysfunction

Oral surgery

Poor dentition

Tooth pain

Jaw pain

Xerostomia

Side effects of chemo or radiation
​

Infant: Latching or sucking difficulty

Infant: Lethargy

Infant: Sleepiness

Infant Swallowing difficulty

Infant: Alternate route of feeding

Mother: Breast Pain

Mother: Nipple abnormality

Mother Mastitis

Mother: Inadequate milk supply

Mother: Lack of support

Bowel resection

Pancreas or liver issues

Short Bowel syndrome

IBD
Celiac disease

Cystic fibrosis

GI cancer
​

Altered GI function

Malabsorption

Metabolic disorders

Medications

Alcohol or drug addiction

Kidney/ liver/ cardiac/ endocrine/ neurological/ pulmonary dysfunction

Metabolic disorders

Overhydration

Refeeding syndrome

Food-medication interaction Ingestion/ administration of medication or food resulting in a harmful reaction

Ingestion/ administration of medication or food resulting in a harmful reaction
​

Disordered eating

Excessive physical activity

Inadequate energy intake

Limited access to food

Knowledge deficit

Increased nutrient needs

Chewing/ swallowing issues

Functional decline

Limited access to food

Prolonged hospitalization

Depression/ disordered eating

Cancer

Decreased nutrient needs

Excessive energy intake

Depression/ disordered eating

Knowledge deficit

Not ready for lifestyle change

Physical inactivity

Increased stress
​

Physical immobility or trauma

Hypothyroidism

Cushing’s syndrome

Antidepressants

Antipsychotics

Steroids

Edema

Not ready for lifestyle change

Excess energy intake
​

Critical illness

Type 1 diabetes

Nutrient malabsorption

Feeding barriers

Limited access to food

Limited food acceptance

Knowledge deficit
​

Altered GI function

Limited access to food

Knowledge deficit

Depression/ disordered eating

Oral health limitations

Impaired senses

Substance abuse

Neglect/ poverty
​

Altered GI function

Increased energy needs

Organ failure

Cancer

Malabsorption

CKD
​

Altered GI function

Sepsis

Pneumonia

Wounds/ burns

Major surgeries

Increased energy needs

Knowledge deficit

Limited access to food

Feeding intolerances

Neglect/ poverty

Catabolism energy increases

Altered nutrient utilization

Depression/disordered eating

Unsupported nutrition beliefs/ attitudes

Lack of prior education

Impaired cognition

Prior incorrect knowledge

Unsupported nutrition beliefs

Impaired cognition

Lack of social support

Denial of need to change

Limited financial resources

Lack of self-efficacy

Specify diet/ lifestyle change

Obsession to be thin

Low self-esteem

Anorexia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa

PICA

Other eating disorders
​

Specific diet education

Lack of social support

Lack of value for change

Knowledge deficit

Unwilling to apply info

Unsupported nutrition beliefs
​

Diet requirements

Impaired cognition

Limited financial resources

Disinterest in diet intervention

Allergies or aversions

Lifestyle

Functional or physical inability

Cognitive impairment

Lack of social support

Limited access to equipment

Time constraints
​

Lifestyle

Disordered eating

Body dysmorphia

Irrational nutrition beliefs

Addictive personality
​

Knowledge deficit

Exposure to contaminated food

Foodborne illness

Poisoning

Impaired cognition

Limited access to safe food

Limited safe food storage/ prep
​

Poor housing condition

No running water

Limited financial resources

Accessibility barriers

Caregiver neglect/ abuse

Lack of food planning, purchasing, and preparation skills

Lack of community support

Mental illness

Condition of home

Inability to pay water bill

No finances for food