Embryo Donation: The primary role of an embryo Donor is to provide embryos (typically from an IVF cycle) for use by Intended Parents who are unable to conceive without assistance or create their own embryos through IVF. These embryos are often donated after being created for the Donor's own fertility treatment but not used.
Health Screenings: Like ova and sperm Donors, embryo Donors must undergo medical and genetic testing to ensure they are in good health and free from any transmissible infections or genetic conditions that could affect the embryo’s development or the future child. This includes tests for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), genetic disorders, and overall reproductive health.
Informed Consent: The embryo Donor must sign an informed consent form, acknowledging their understanding of the medical, legal, and emotional implications of donating embryos. This includes understanding that they will relinquish all rights to the embryos, and that the Intended Parents will be the legal parents of any child born from the embryos.
Embryo Storage: Once embryos are created, they are stored in a fertility clinic's cryopreservation facility until they are ready to be donated. The Donor is responsible for allowing their embryos to be stored until they are moved to another clinic or ownership is transferred to the recipients (the Intended Parent(s)).
Legal Agreement: The embryo Donor is required to enter into a legal agreement with the fertility clinic, embryo recipient(s), or agency facilitating the donation. This agreement clarifies the terms of the donation, including the relinquishment of all parental rights, the Intended Parents' legal rights, and the responsibilities of all parties involved. The agreement may also specify whether the donation is known or anonymous or open.
No Parental Rights: The embryo Donor relinquishes all parental rights to any child born as a result of the embryo donation. The Intended Parents will assume all legal and parental responsibilities for the child once the embryo is implanted and pregnancy is confirmed.
Confidentiality: In many embryo donation arrangements, the Donor’s identity may be kept anonymous, and they may not have contact with the child or the Intended Parents. However, some arrangements may allow for semi-open or open donations, in which the Donor may be able to contact or be contacted by the child once they reach a certain age, depending on the legal agreement.
Ethical Considerations: The embryo Donor should consider the ethical implications of their donation, understanding the potential long-term impact of their genetic contribution to a child. They must be comfortable with their decision to donate embryos and the idea of another individual or couple raising a child created from their genetic material.
Reimbursement: Similar to ova and sperm Donors, embryo Donors may be reimbursed for specific expenses related to the donation process, such as medical costs, travel, and other reasonable expenses. However, embryo donation is typically non-compensatory beyond reimbursement, in compliance with ethical guidelines.
The embryo Donor’s key responsibility is to provide viable embryos for use in reproductive procedures while ensuring they understand the medical, legal, and ethical implications of the donation. They also relinquish any parental rights to the child born as a result of the donation, and they must enter into legal agreements to confirm these arrangements.