Electric Vehicle (EV) safety, especially regarding fire risks, is a common concern for new and potential EV owners. This article aims to shed light on how EV charging works and why it is generally safe, especially when certified equipment is used and properly installed.
EV Fires: A Brief Overview
While there are no official statistics directly on EV fires, it's important to note that, to this date, Plugzio has not been associated with any EV fire incidents. Based on a 2020 study conducted by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which you can view here (refer to Section 2 for case studies), most EV fires have been linked to crashes or battery failures during driving—not during charging. Out of the four case studies reviewed, three resulted from crash-related battery damage, and one was due to battery failure while driving. None of these incidents were related to the EV charging process, reinforcing that EV charging fires are very rare.
How EV Charging Works
To better understand why charging an EV is generally safe, it's essential to know how the process works.
Unlike filling a gasoline-powered vehicle where fuel is actively pumped into the car, EV charging operates differently. When you charge an EV, the charger doesn’t force power into the vehicle. Instead, the charger communicates the maximum amount of power the EV is allowed to draw, and the EV manages the charging process internally. For example:
- If a charger has 40 Amps available, the vehicle can draw anywhere from 0 to 40 Amps depending on its needs.
- EVs typically charge faster from 0 to 80% capacity, slow down between 80% and 90%, and may stop charging at 90% to preserve battery health.
This controlled charging process is managed by the EV's Battery Management System (BMS), which monitors and adjusts the charging rate based on several factors, such as battery temperature and health. The BMS ensures that:
- Charging is slower when the battery is too hot or too cold.
- Battery cells are monitored for degradation, with the BMS deciding to either partially charge or disconnect damaged cells.
- No cells are overcharged, minimizing the risk of malfunction or fire.
Key Risks and How to Avoid Them
While EV charging is generally safe, issues can arise in specific scenarios, often due to improper setups. Here are some common risks and tips to avoid them:
Using Extension Cords
Using Extension Cords
Charging from an outlet that’s too far away might tempt someone to use an extension cord, but not all extension cords are designed to handle the power demands of EV charging. Using the wrong cord, especially one not rated for high current, can result in overheating or even fire. We strongly recommend avoiding extension cords or consulting with a licensed electrician if one must be used.
Uncertified Chargers or Adapters
Uncertified Chargers or Adapters
It’s crucial to use certified chargers and adapters. Uncertified or low-quality chargers, often found on online marketplaces, pose significant risks. These devices may not meet safety standards, and many electricians refuse to install them. Always buy chargers from reputable stores and stick to trusted brands. For example, if you own a Tesla, it's safest to purchase first-party chargers or adapters directly from Tesla.
Improper Installations
Improper Installations
Improper installation of a charging station can lead to dangerous situations, including bad wiring or incorrect wire gauge usage. This is a common issue when individuals attempt DIY installations. It is always best to have a certified electrician handle the installation to ensure it complies with local electrical codes.
Plugzio Charging Devices: Certified for Safety
At Plugzio, all our EV charging devices are certified to meet electrical code standards. When installed by a licensed electrician, they offer a safe and reliable solution for charging your EV.
Conclusion
While the risk of fire-related to EV charging is extremely low, ensuring safety boils down to using certified equipment and professional installations. The vehicle’s internal systems, such as the Battery Management System (BMS), also play a critical role in managing and safeguarding the charging process.
If you have further questions or would like to discuss any concerns, feel free to reach out. Our team is happy to schedule a call with one of our engineers to discuss the safety features of Plugzio products or answer any technical queries you may have.
Need help with anything else? Contact the Plugzio customer care team to have a chat with one of the specialists and discuss your concerns.