The range of C-Fluor is 0-100ug/l and the range of Cyclops-7F is 0-500ug/l for chlorophyll in vivo. Why are the C-FLUOR’s range lower than the Cyclops-7F range?
The range for the C-FLUOR is different from the Cyclops-7F for chlorophyll in vivo for a reason. You will rarely see algal concentration in the natural environment reach levels greater than 500 ug/L, so 100 ug/L on the C-FLUOR is plenty. When you get concentrations that high, you certainly don’t need a fluorometer as you can pick up algae with your hands. So, 500 ug/L maximum is extreme unless you’re working with bioreactors or algal farms.
Is the accuracy between the Cyclops-7F sensor and the C-FLUOR sensor different?
The minimum detection for both Cyclops-7F and C-FLUOR sensors are the same. There is no change in accuracy from one probe to the other.
What is the difference between C-FLUOR Chlorophyll blue excitation and C-FLUOR Chlorophyll red excitation for High CDOM? What about Chlorophyll blue excitation for sea water and Chlorophyll red excitation for freshwater?
C-FLUOR chlorophyll Blue excitation is more sensitive to eukaryotic algae such as diatoms, dinoflagellates and green algae which are primary groups found in marine systems. C-FLUOR chlorophyll Red excitation is more sensitive to prokaryotic algae such as Microcystis, anabaena which are primary groups found in freshwaters. However, Blue or Red excitation will detect all algae because all algae contain chlorophyll and the excitation energy from either probe is absorbed and cause the chlorophyll molecule to fluoresce. The benefit of Red excitation is that it is not affected by CDOM rich environments whereas the blue excitation probe will be highly affected by CDOM rich environments. I recommend red excitation for CDOM rich environments unless the customer is looking at less than 0.5 ug/L concentrations, which isn’t typical of any environment unless you’re working in the open ocean where concentrations are less than 0.05 ug/L.
What is the Maximum pressure the C-FLUOR in line adaptor can withstand?
The C-FLUOR in-line adaptor PN 2820-530 can be used up to 100 PSI. The C-FLUOR can handle far more pressure than the adaptor since it is rated up to 2000 m depth.
Temperature Compensation for a C-FLUOR. What is a Zero Point?
Your zero point for C-FLUOR temperature compensation would be whatever temperature you calibrated at. If you were at 20 °C, then you would have the +/- 1.4 % per degree from that starting point. Most times you wouldn’t be working in a range higher than +/- 7°C especially if your application is putting a sensor in a water ecosystem. This would work well for controlled lab settings with a consistent concentration, but out in the field, there are too many variables that would contribute to a change in concentration that it would be difficult to warrant calculating this.
I have water inside the Cyclops-7F or C-FLUOR can I still get it repaired under warranty?
Warranty is void if water is inside from usage of the Cyclops-7F or C-FLUOR. Exception to that would be if the unit was used directly out of box and it leaked.
Can I do calibrations in a clear beaker for the Cyclops-7F, C-FLUOR, or C3, and C6p?
We recommend reading our submersible instruments like the Cyclops-7F, C-FLUOR, or C3 and C6P in a darkened beaker or beaker wrapped in black electrical tape. There must be at least 3 inches from the face of the probe from the bottom of the beaker for best results.
Do you have any application note of the interference that Turbidity and the Fe can cause in the chlorophyll measurement?
The Cyclops-7F and C-FLUOR have the same optical configuration so the interferences would be similar, but not exactly the same. This is something the customer must determine for their water system. In our experience, very high turbidity and Fe concentrations will interfere with almost any optical measurement simply due to light blocking interactions, but we are unable to say to what degree.
What is the type of glass used on the C-FLUOR submersible probes?
We build the C-FLUOR with sapphire optical windows for greater protection from the elements and clarity with sampling.
What is the minimum volume needed for C-FLUOR to analyze from. I propose to add concentrations of differing dyes to each source at the same time, and then monitor samples in the bore over several months post 'injection' to determine if the dye/s are detected in the bore samples or not. Another is to sample fortnightly using a snap sampler, so the sample from the bore for analysis may be limited to 250m1.
Either of these methods are fine, there isn’t a set minimum volume that the C-Fluor can read. However, you will have to account for the optical angle at which the sensor reads best at which is more than 3 inches of space from the bottom of a container, if no container is involved, this is not an issue. You should account for max flow of liquid running through it. If you are attempting to take, say 50 data points for 10L of water, but you have a high flor rate, the flow will blast right past. You’d probably and realistically get 1 data point. It’s best to slow that flow down if you want more datapoints.
Can I use a single C-FLUOR configuration to differentiate between 5 different dyes?
C-Fluors are specialized to read for their specific applications of which, the available parameters are available on our product datasheet. S-0244.pdf Rhodamine and Fluorescein dye are the two that work with the C-Fluor, but you will need one sensor for each dye you are using.
Examples of other dyes we get asked often:
Lissamine FF (green) – Does not work
Amino G acid (blue) – Does not work
Eosine – Does not work
Can I use the C-FLUOR Rhodamine application to read for sulforhodamine B or rhodamine B?
Our C-FLUOR instruments can read for sulforhodamine B or rhodamine B, but with limited capacity. We do not have testing limits as we calibrate our sensors and input in filters that operate in wavelengths for Rhodamine WT that may overlap with rhodamine B or sulforhodamine B. I would recommend the use of Rhodamine WT as a better dye alternative.
Rhodamine WT was developed to overcome a disadvantage of rhodamine B, which was the adsorption on suspended sediment. The same modification was also expected to reduce toxicity, and limited testing confirmed this. Additionally, fluorescent yield of Sulphorhodamine B is not as good as Rhodamine RWT and B. http://docs.turnerdesigns.com/t2/doc/appnotes/998-5000.pdf