Yes, you can live in Puerto Rico (or other US territories) for over 180 days per year and still be domiciled in Florida or Texas. Domicile is based on both subjective intent and objective connections like a state driver’s license, vehicle registration, property ownership/lease, and tax filings.
As long as you maintain strong ties to your chosen state and intend it to be your permanent residence, generally you can be domiciled in Florida or Texas despite extended stays in Puerto Rico.