A Badge is awarded upon the completion of an Assessment. For example, if your visitor passes a test or quiz. As well as awarding a Badge, it's possible to secure a Document by one - this means the visitor of the document can only view it if they have been awarded the Badge.
Example
Peter has completed the Health & Safety Training pack, but unfortunately hasn't passed the test. He has tried to view the the Level 2 Training but sees an error when attempting to log in - he has to be awarded the Badge first. Nice try, Peter!
View instructions for securing a Document by Badge.