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Logiwa IO Glossary

Definitions of common terminology and processes used throughout Logiwa.

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Written by Stephanie Kelley
Updated over 7 months ago

This glossary provides concise definitions for key terms related to Logiwa IO and your fulfillment operations. Whether you're an experienced logistics professional or new to the field, this resource will help you navigate the terms used in our system, allowing you to get the most from your experience. Explore the definitions below to help you become an expert on on Logiwa IO.

Please use the navigation options to jump to specific sections or search for the specific term you're looking for using your browser tools.


Basic Terminology

  • AI: Logiwa IO utilizes AI technology to enhance various aspects of warehouse operations and job management. See our AI Jobs section for more information about how our system currently employs AI.

  • Allocation: Reserving an order’s item against inventory in order to maintain the correct amount of inventory.

  • B2C/DTC/B2B: Business to Consumer, Direct to Consumer, and Business to Business. Logiwa IO is proven to help everyone from 3PLs and high-volume fulfillment networks to online sellers, brands, and manufacturers scale-up order fulfillment with the flexibility they need.

  • Barcode: A scannable code used to label items. Barcodes do not have to have a specific format. You can learn more about barcode formats here.

  • Batch: A group of items or products that are processed together as a unit. Batch processing is commonly used in operations such as batch labeling, where multiple orders with identical or similar information are labeled simultaneously. Learn about creating batch labels during picking here.

  • Client: The owner of inventory. This does not refer to the customer you send products to, rather the customer whose inventory you manage.

  • Customer: The end customer that you ship products to.

  • Cycle Count: See this section.

  • Expiry Date/Expiration Date/Expiry No: The numerical date that a product is marked to expire and no longer be fit for sale. Can be tracked with Logiwa.

  • Inbound: Mainly refers to the receiving and putaway process. Orders can come into a warehouse from various sales channels (e.g., retailers, e-commerce platforms) for fulfillment. Logiwa can take in orders from various channels, as well as custom applications, through our integrations.

  • Kit Item, Kit Bundle: A collection of products that are brought together into a single product and sold under a single name. In other words, the code for the kit is a SKU that is labeled as a single product, but it contains multiple products (that are called components). Learn more about creating kits here. There can be different types of Kit Products such as Kit to Order and Kit to Stock.

    • Kit to Order: Assembling components into a product upon receiving a customer's order.

    • Kit to Stock: Pre-assembling kits and storing them in inventory for immediate availability.

  • License Plate, License Plating, LP: A method for managing inventory by container. In Logiwa, different kind of containers are considered LPs, such as boxes, pallets, or totes. For a container to be an LP, it should have a unique number and a label (the license plate) on it. This gives the flexibility to scan the LP label and move, pick, ship, or receive the products within. Learn more about LPs here.

  • Location: Any place inventory is stored. It can be a bin, ramp, rack, or a business unit such as packing area.

  • Location Group: An alternative to location zones, which are setup by users to define sections of the fulfillment center.

  • Location Zone: Categories for locations (e.g. Zone A, Zone B, Frozen) which are setup by users to define sections of the fulfillment center.

  • LP Type: The type of LP on which items are stored. LP Types might include such things as a tote, pallet, box, or shipping box. Different LP types can be utilized for various LP dimensions, and these LP types can contain dimension information.

  • Mobile Cart: A wheeled platform or container specifically designed for the transportation of goods, materials, or inventory. In our system, the compartments (referred to as Cells) on the cart are individually labeled and tracked. These cells have fixed locations in our system and play a crucial role in Cluster Picking operations within the system, enabling sorting by order or SKU based on your setup. Learn more about mobile carts here.

  • Outbound: Refers to the process of fulfilling orders and shipping products from a fulfillment center to customers or other destinations. This includes tasks such as picking, packing, and loading. Logiwa has integrations with numerous carriers and also has a custom carrier feature to streamline your outbound process.

  • Pack List, Packing List: A document that contains details of the order to be packed such as items, quantity, etc.

  • Parent LP: A license plate (LP) that encompasses or contains other LPs. A parent LP can contain multiple LPs. This parent LP can encompass multiple LPs, providing a hierarchical structure for organizing and managing inventory data.

  • Pick List, Picking List: A document that contains the details of the picking tasks such as items, quantity, or location.

  • Purchase Order: See this section.

  • Putaway: Putaway refers to the process of moving received inventory to its designated storage location within a fulfillment center. It involves identifying the optimal storage location based on factors such as product characteristics, demand patterns, and available space, and physically transferring the items to their assigned location.

  • Replenishment: See this section.

  • Shipment Order: See this section.

  • Shipment Package/Package Types: Shipment packages or package types are boxes, crates, or other types of packaging used to transport goods during the shipping process. They can be entered into the system much like products and tracked. Learn more about what they are and how they're created here.

  • SKU (Stock Keeping Unit): An item code or product code.

  • UOM (Unit of Measure) Pack Type: The smallest unit for a given product. Defines how you can buy, count, and sell a specific item. Some examples include each, piece, pack, or box. Not to be confused with Parent Pack Type, which defines the container that has your UOM pack types in it. Learn more here.

  • Vendor: The organization that supplies products to your warehouse. Defined in the system for tracking purposes.

  • Virtual Location: A digital representation of storage space within our system. Unlike physical locations, virtual locations exist solely in the system, allowing your business to organize and track inventory based on customized criteria without the constraints of physical storage.


Allocation Algorithms

Allocation algorithms are systematic methods used to allocate goods and materials to orders. They optimize the allocation process by considering various factors such as expiration dates, packaging type, inventory location, classification, and specific requirements.

Allocation Algorithms Options

  • FEFO (First Expiring First Out): Items with the earliest expiry dates are allocated first. Items with the earliest expiration dates are allocated first, ensuring that products with shorter shelf lives are dispatched before those with longer shelf lives.

  • Pack Type Prioritization: Based on whether units or cases are prioritized first. For instance, if units are prioritized, individual items are allocated before entire cases are allocated to orders.

  • Zone Based Allocation: Allocation of inventory from specified zones. It ensures that products are allocated from zones that have been specified based on factors such as proximity to shipping areas or product characteristics.

  • ABC Code: Based on ABC classified inventory, which involves categorizing inventory into different classes based on their importance or value. This algorithm allocates inventory according to the classifications that have been set, ensuring that high-value items or fast-moving products are allocated efficiently.

  • Assigned Location Allocation: Allocation of items from specific, pre-assigned locations within the warehouse. It ensures that inventory is allocated from designated storage areas, which may be organized based on factors such as product type, demand, or handling requirements.

  • Full Pallet Allocation: Focused on allocating full pallets containing a single SKU. It is particularly useful for efficiently allocating bulk quantities of products, streamlining the fulfillment process.


Billing

Billing refers to the process of generating billing reports for services provided, detailing the charges and payment terms for clients.

Billing Components

  • Operation Type: Categorizes the type of operation or service being billed.

  • Fee By Operations: Based on a fee structure determined by the number or type of operations performed.

  • Charge By Operations: Charging customers based on the specific operations performed, with each operation incurring a predetermined charge to accurately reflect the costs associated with the services provided.

  • Price Setup Option: Determines the pricing strategy or setup options for billing, allowing flexibility in defining pricing models.

  • Frequency: Frequency refers to how often billing occurs, whether it is monthly, quarterly, annually, or based on other predetermined intervals, ensuring regular and timely invoicing for services rendered.


Carrier Integrations

Carrier integrations involve establishing direct connections between your shipping providers and our system. This allows you to seamlessly communicate with carriers, access real-time shipping rates, print shipping labels, track shipments, and efficiently manage shipping-related tasks. Once a connection has been established, you can utilize our rate shopping functionality to compare shipping rates from multiple carriers and select the most cost-effective shipping options for your shipments.

Our system also supports custom carriers, enabling you to integrate your preferred shipping solutions with our management software via API. Learn more about custom carriers from our documentation here.


Cycle Count

Cycle counting is a method of inventory auditing where a portion of inventory is counted at regular intervals, instead of performing a full physical inventory count all at once. This helps maintain accurate inventory records and allows for timely identification and correction of discrepancies.

Cycle Count Options

  • Location Zone Based: Involves counting inventory based on designated zones within the fulfillment center. If enabled, jobs created will be based on the location zones.

  • Location Group Based: Involves counting inventory based on predefined location groups (an alternate to location zones) within the warehouse. If enabled, jobs created will be based on the location groups.

  • Count per Location: Involves counting the inventory at each individual location within the warehouse. Each location is audited at regular intervals to verify the accuracy of stock levels.

  • Count per SKU: Involves counting inventory based on individual stock keeping units (SKUs). Each SKU is audited periodically to ensure accurate inventory records and prevent stockouts or overstock situations.

  • Lock Locations During Count: Locations are always locked during a count, which prevents inventory movements or transactions during the counting process, ensuring the accuracy of the count results. When this parameter is enabled, the location will not be unlocked until the whole count is completed. When disabled, the location will be unlocked as soon as the count for the specific location is completed.


Jobs

Jobs refers to the tasks or activities that need to be performed within a fulfillment center to manage inventory, fulfill orders, and maintain operational efficiency. These jobs can include tasks such as picking items for orders, packing shipments, conducting inventory counts, and replenishing stock.

Job Types

  • Single Item: Group orders with a quantity of one product. This simplifies the picking process as the picking route is consolidated, increasing the efficiency of the packing process since each product represents one order.

  • Identical SKU: Groups orders that contain the same SKU. It streamlines the picking process by consolidating orders with identical products, allowing staff to efficiently pick multiple quantities of the same item at once. During packing, it also allows the packer to receive batch labels instead of packing the orders and generating shipping labels one by one.

  • Multi Item: Groups orders that have multiple order lines, meaning they contain more than one SKU. It requires picking multiple items for each order, which may involve navigating through different aisles or locations within the fulfillment center to gather all the required products.

  • Single Item Cluster Pick: Groups orders that contain one piece of the same product. A mobile cart is used during this process. As only one type of SKU can be picked per tote, each tote resembles an identical SKU job. This process increases the efficiency because when a tote is scanned during packing, the batch label process can be used, ensuring packing proceeds quickly.

  • B2B Order: Groups pallet orders together. B2B orders typically involve larger quantities of products that are shipped on pallets, and grouping them under one job streamlines the handling of these bulk orders.

  • Oversized Order: Groups orders that contain oversized products, such as large or bulky items. It may require special handling and may involve additional equipment or resources to pick, pack, and ship these orders efficiently.

  • Wholesale Order: Involves manually grouping large wholesale orders together for processing. It may require special attention to specific customer requirements or delivery schedules due to the scale of the order.

AI Jobs

AI Jobs is an add-on feature that leverages AI technology to automate and optimize the job creation process in Logiwa IO. These AI-driven tasks may include predictive analytics for inventory management, dynamic routing for order fulfillment, or decision-making for resource allocation.

Learn more about AI Jobs here.


Packing Settings

Packing settings are configurable options that customize the packing processes, including printing packing lists and controlling packing features.

Packing Setting Options

  • Direct Print Pack List: Feature enabling direct printing of packing lists from the system.

  • Enable Pack All: Option allowing packing of entire orders without scanning each item individually.

  • Disable Shipping Option Change: Restriction preventing alteration of selected shipping options during packing.

  • Disable Package Change: Setting prohibiting modification of chosen shipment package types during packing.

  • Disable Batch Order Packing: Restriction preventing batch (all at one time) packing of multiple orders.

  • Disable Carrier Rate: Setting that hides shipping carrier rates during packing to prevent unauthorized changes.

  • Do Not Allow Multiple Shipment Packages: Restriction permitting only one shipment package to be used per order.

  • Disable Packing Without Label: Restriction against packing items without attaching labels for accurate tracking.

  • Enable Enter Quantity: Enables manually inputting item quantities during packing instead of scanning each item.

  • Enable Package Suggestion: Feature providing recommendations for optimal packaging based on order criteria.


Purchase Orders

Purchase orders are part of the inbound process issued by a buyer to a seller, outlining the details of goods or services to be purchased. They typically include information such as the type and quantity of items, and the delivery dates. You'll find purchase order or the abbreviation PO used throughout Logiwa IO.

Purchase Order Types

  • Purchase Order: Purchase orders where the quantity received does not exceed what was originally ordered, and it allows for auto-completion once the order is fulfilled. It follows the standard process of purchasing goods or services.

  • Open Order: Open orders are more flexible and allow for receiving any SKU and any quantity without any restrictions or stoppers. This type of order provides more freedom in the receiving process, accommodating variations in the order without strict limitations.

  • Return Order: Specifically designed for receiving returned goods. They facilitate the handling of products that are being sent back due to defects, damages, incorrect shipments, or other reasons.

  • Cross Dock Order: Cross dock orders are used for receiving cross dock LPs (License Plates). Cross docking is a strategy where products from inbound shipments are unloaded from incoming trucks and directly loaded onto outbound trucks with little or no storage time in between. Cross dock orders facilitate this process by streamlining the movement of goods through the distribution center without the need for traditional warehousing.

  • One by One Receiving Order: This type of order mandates the scanning of products one by one during the receiving process. It ensures accurate tracking of each individual item received. This method is particularly useful for high-value or serialized items where precise inventory management is critical.


Putaway Algorithms

Putaway algorithms are systematic methods used to organize the receiving and placement of goods within a fulfillment center. It optimizes this process by considering factors like storage capacity, location availability, item characteristics, and any predefined rules or priorities.

Putaway Algorithms Options

  • Same SKU or Empty Location: Suggests either placing received items in an existing location if the same SKU already exists in the warehouse or assigning them to an empty location if the SKU is new and doesn't have a designated storage spot yet.

  • Pallet Capacity: Suggests placing received items in a location based on the defined pallet capacity. It ensures that the location has enough space to accommodate the entire pallet or a defined portion of it, considering factors like weight and size.

  • Location Assignment: Suggests a storage location based on specified locations, which could include factors such as proximity to the shipping area, area size, or other operational considerations.

  • Volume Capacity: Suggests placing items in a location based on the defined volume capacity of the storage area. It ensures that the location can accommodate the volume of items being stored, taking into account factors like cubic feet or cubic meters of available space.

  • Damaged Area Assignment: Suggests placing damaged products in designated areas within the warehouse that are specifically allocated for storing damaged goods. It ensures that these items are segregated from the main inventory and can be processed accordingly.

  • Assigned Location Allocation: Involves allocating received items to specific pre-assigned locations within the warehouse. It could be based on factors such as product type, customer preferences, or other business requirements; whatever is needed for your operations.


Replenishment

Replenishment involves transferring inventory from storage locations to picking locations within the fulfillment center to facilitate the picking process.

Replenishment Options

  • Location Zone Based: Conducted based on designated zones within the warehouse, ensuring that inventory levels are replenished systematically across different areas.

  • Location Group Based: Organized according to predefined location groups (an alternate to location zones) within the warehouse, streamlining the resupply process and improving efficiency.

  • Only Replenish Full LPs: When used, the system generates replenishment tasks LPs in order to fulfill all inventory from a given LP. Additionally, all inventory on a given LP will be allocated and picked for the replenishment process, together with the LP itself.

  • Pick & Put Process: Picking items from their storage location, transferring them to a location such a picking cart, and placing them into their targeted locations, facilitating a continuous flow of inventory movement.

  • Direct Put Process: Picking items from their storage location and directly placing them into their targeted locations, facilitating a continuous flow of inventory movement.

  • Allow Task Qty Exceed: Permits the replenishment task quantity to exceed the originally requested/expected quantity by a certain assigned percent, accommodating variations in demand and ensuring adequate stock levels.

  • Update Task Quantity If Less Picked: If fewer items are picked than initially requested, this replenishment type automatically updates the replenishment task quantity to reflect the actual amount picked, maintaining accurate inventory records.

    • Example: 100 items were marked to be picked for replenishment, but only 60 items were picked.

      • If this toggle is set to Yes, the 100 picking task will be updated to 60, and the replenishment will be completed.

      • If this toggle is set to No, then after picking 60 units, another task will open for the remaining 40 units to pick. The replenishment process will not be marked Completed.

  • Pick Full Pallet If Contains Single SKU: Prioritizes picking full pallets containing only a single SKU, maximizing efficiency and minimizing picking time.

  • Pick Full Pack: Checks the available inventory and prioritizes to pick the higher pack type, reducing the number of individual picks required.

  • Order by Location Group, Type, or Zone: Affects the task creation process by determining which inventory will be prioritized. This prioritization can be based on location type, location group, or location zone. For example, the order is determined by the location group, the designated location group will be prioritized in the task creation process. If there is insufficient inventory in the designated location group, the system will incorporate inventories from other location groups in the task creation process.

  • Order by Area Type: Tasks are executed in the order area types are set within the warehouse.

  • Order by ABC Code: Tasks are sequenced based on the ABC classification of inventory items, prioritizing the restocking of high-value or high-demand items first to optimize inventory management and ensure optimal stock levels.


Reports and Printouts

Reports and printouts are documents generated by our system to provide information or facilitate processes within a business operation. You can learn more about our available printouts and reports and see links to more documentation on them here.


Returns and the Return Process

Returns encompass the process wherein customers send back products to the seller or retailer due to various reasons, such as dissatisfaction or receiving defective items. This integral part of retail and e-commerce operations involves receiving returned items, inspecting them for damage or defects, validating the return reason, and issuing refunds or replacements as necessary.

Return Options

  • RMA Codes: A Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) code is a unique identifier assigned to a product return request to facilitate the tracking and processing of returned items. Logiwa tracks RMAs, and the system can be automatically generate them based on a default prefix and number (code) set under Data Setup.

  • RMA Returns: Tracking and processing returns utilizing Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) codes, which serve as unique identifiers for returned items.

  • Manual Returns: Handling returns without prior creation of RMA codes, providing flexibility for customers who opt not to generate RMAs. In such cases, returned items are managed through Shipment Order code scanning rather than through RMAs.

  • PO Returns: Processing unexpected returns by creating purchase orders (POs) specifically for return purposes, enabling structured documentation and tracking of returned items.


Shipment Orders

Shipment orders are part of the outbound process and are generated to initiate the process of fulfilling and shipping customer orders from a fulfillment center. These orders contain all the necessary information to pick, pack, and ship items to customers, including details such as order contents, customer shipping address, shipping method, and any special instructions. You'll find shipment order or the abbreviation SO used throughout Logiwa IO.

Shipment Order Types

  • Customer Order: Represents a regular Direct-to-Customer (DTC) order, where items are shipped directly to the end customer. It includes orders placed by individual consumers through various sales channels, such as online stores, catalog orders, or phone orders.

  • B2B Order: B2B (Business to Business) orders involve shipping goods to other businesses rather than individual consumers. This type of shipment order may involve picking full License Plates (LPs) containing bulk quantities of products or mixed LPs containing a variety of products intended for wholesale or business customers.

  • Partial Order: Partial orders allow for the fulfillment of only part of a customer's order when some items are unavailable or not yet ready for shipment. This type of shipment order allows warehouses to ship available items to customers promptly while backordering or waiting for the remaining items to become available.

  • Back Order: Back orders are created when some or all items in a customer's order are temporarily out of stock or unavailable for immediate shipment. This type of shipment order allows warehouses to create a record of the customer's order and reserve the unavailable items for future shipment once they become available again.


Store Integrations

Store integrations involve connecting your stores created through services like Shopify, BigCommerce, etc., with our system, to improve inventory management in your fulfillment center. These integrations enable seamless data exchange between the store and our system, improving inventory tracking, order fulfillment, and customer management.


Waves and Wave Rules

Wave rules serve as configurable guidelines within our system that dictate the criteria for job creation upon manual or automatic activation. Waves offer a strategic approach to scheduling and automation, where tasks can be triggered automatically to ensure timely execution in alignment with business rhythms.

Wave Types

  • Picking Waves: Sets of tasks triggered manually or automatically, designed to optimize the picking process by grouping orders strategically and initiating jobs accordingly.

  • Replenishment Waves: Sets of tasks initiated to proactively manage inventory levels by identifying low stock positions and triggering replenishment jobs, ensuring that adequate stock is maintained to support ongoing operations.

  • Cycle Count Waves: Inventory auditing processes triggered to verify and maintain the accuracy of inventory records. These waves involve scheduling and executing tasks to count specific items or locations on a regular basis, allowing for timely identification and resolution of discrepancies.


Workflows

Workflows are automated processes designed to streamline and simplify routine tasks within our system and your fulfillment center. They provide a structured approach to automating repetitive actions, reducing manual effort, and improving efficiency. Logiwa IO's customizable workflows consist of triggers, conditions, and actions. You can learn more here.

Example Workflow Processes

  • Add Packing Instructions: Involves automatically filling the Packing Instructions field of a shipment order with specified instructions. This could include details on how items should be packed, labeled, or handled during the shipping process.

  • Add Priority: Sets the priority of a shipment order automatically. It assigns a level of importance or urgency to the order based on predefined criteria, ensuring that high-priority orders are processed and shipped promptly.

  • Add SKU: Automatically adds a selected SKU (Stock Keeping Unit) to a shipment order. It streamlines the order fulfillment process by automatically including the specified product in the shipment without manual intervention.

  • Add Note: Automatically fills the Note field of a shipment order with predefined information or instructions. It ensures that important details or special instructions are included with the order for reference during processing and shipping.

  • Add Tag: Assigns a selected tag to a shipment order automatically. Tags are used to categorize or label orders based on specific criteria, helping to organize and manage orders more effectively within the system.

  • Set Shipment Package Material: Automatically assigns a preset shipment package (box or package type) to a shipment order. It ensures that the appropriate packaging materials or container types are selected for each order, optimizing packaging efficiency and reducing shipping costs.

  • Assign SO Type: Assigns a selected shipment order type to a shipment order. It ensures that orders are categorized correctly within the system, facilitating proper processing and tracking based on their intended purpose or destination.

  • Assign Carrier: Automatically assigns a selected carrier to a shipment order. It determines which shipping provider will be used to deliver the order based on predefined criteria.

  • Assign Shipping Option: Sets a specific shipping method for a shipment order. It determines the mode of transportation or delivery service used to ship the order based on predefined options such as standard shipping, expedited shipping, or overnight delivery.

  • Change Warehouse: Changes the warehouse of a shipment order based on predefined conditions or criteria. It ensures that orders are routed to the appropriate fulfillment center for processing and shipping.

  • Send Email: Sends an email to given recipients based on predefined triggers and conditions. It can be used to notify stakeholders, customers, or internal teams about important events or updates related to shipment orders.

  • Set Expected Shipment Date By: Sets the expected shipment date of a shipment order based on predefined rules or criteria. It helps to ensure accurate scheduling and planning of order fulfillment activities, enabling timely delivery.

  • Set Rate Shopping: Assigns a rate shopping preset to a shipment order. It facilitates the process of comparing shipping rates from multiple carriers and selecting the most cost-effective shipping option.

Please see our workflow documentation for more examples of what you can do with workflows:


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